Raws li tus neeg haus cawv haus cawv, thaum koj nyob hauv lub rooj sib tham kev sib tham, ib pab pawg neeg haus dej haus cawv, ib qho cawv cawv, thiab ntsib kev sib tham siab ntawm cov neeg haus cawv nyob ib puag ncig koj, puas muaj qhov zoo li no? Vim kuv tsis muaj kev nkag siab tob txog whiskey, kuv tsis tuaj yeem khaws lub suab thiab hais lus ntsiag to. Thaum kawg, kuv ntxhov siab tias txawm tias kuv tuav ib khob cawv txiv hmab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus los tham txog whiskey uas kuv tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis tham. Koj puas tuaj yeem mloog lwm tus neeg khav theeb thoob plaws tag nrho cov txheej txheem?
Yog li ntawd, phau ntawv qhia no yog npaj los muab cov neeg haus cawv haus nrog cov lus qhia luv luv rau qee qhov tsis tseem ceeb txog whiskey yog tias lawv xav tau qee lub sijhawm. Zoo siab txais tos koj coj yam koj xav tau. Yog nws pab, peb yuav hwm.
Kab lus no yuav pib nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm Scotch whiskey thiab maj mam nthuav tawm lwm txheej ntawm Scotch whiskey.
1. Ua koj tus kheej cov nplej yog qhov kev xav thiab style. Kev yuav khoom tsis muaj dab tsi - hav ~ qhov tsw qab tshaj plaws ~
Peb Monkeys (Monkey Shoulder) Whiskey yog ib qho ntshiab malt blended whiskey uas yooj yim heev los nrhiav hauv cov tuav. Nws cov lus txhais lus Askiv yuav tsum yog "Monkey Shoulder". Lo lus no yeej yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem malting ib txwm siv, vim tias cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum khoov rau ntau xyoo. Tig nplej los ntawm tes ua rau kuv nkees heev uas kuv ob txhais tes poob thiab kuv taug kev rickety thaum so, yog li lub npe menyuam yaus rau kuv tus kheej.
Txoj kev siv tshuaj malting no yog hom malting hauv pem teb. Cov nplej uas ntub dej tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov pob zeb uas tsis muaj dej tsis zoo lossis cov cement hauv pem teb, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog siv shovels los qhib pawg nplej thiab tawg. Lub tshav kub tsim thaum lub sij hawm germination yog hu ua pem teb malting. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Scotland, tsuas yog ib tug puv tes ntawm whiskey distilleries tseem khaws txoj kev malting no, xws li Springbank, Abhainn Dearg, Bowmore, Kilchoman, thiab Highland Knight. Highland Park, Laphroaig, Balvenie thiab BenRiach. Niaj hnub no, thaum mus ncig ntawm Balvenie distillery, tseem muaj kev ua qauv qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv pem teb malting.
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, txhawm rau txo cov nqi thiab nce kev ua tau zoo, pib xyoo 1960, feem ntau cov khoom lag luam whiskey maj mam muab cov txheej txheem hauv pem teb malting thiab pib qhia Saladin Box. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv rau hauv ib lub thawv loj, ib lub cuab yeej raug teeb tsa uas siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv cov nplej tig. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txuag cov neeg ua haujlwm, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias cov qoob loo cov qoob loo loj dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov txheej txheem germination ruaj khov dua, thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum tau txo qis heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab tshiab tau tshwm sim sai sai, uas yog, Pneumatic Drums Malting System. Nws txoj ntsiab cai kuj yooj yim heev. Lub nruas rotates cia li tom qab cov nplej tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv ncig kom ua tiav cov nyhuv tig. , thiab lub nruas yog nruab nrog qhov kub thiab txias thiab tso tawm ua haujlwm los tswj cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm malting thiab stabilize malt zoo.
Niaj hnub no, hauv pem teb malting, Saladin box malting thiab nruas malting yog peb txoj kev malting tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam Scotch whiskey tau pom lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua: es tsis txhob malting, tsuas yog ua nws ncaj qha Yuav ~
"Kev tshaj lij yuav tsum ua los ntawm cov neeg tshaj lij" kuj tseem siv tau hauv kev lag luam Scotch whiskey niaj hnub no: barley malting yuav tsum ua kom tiav los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tswj hwm whiskey.
Niaj hnub no, ntau Scotch whiskey distilleries xaiv los yuav malt ncaj qha los ntawm malting factories kom txo tau cov nqi thiab nce efficiency. Kuj tseem muaj cov khw muag tshuaj cawv uas tau hloov mus ua malting factories nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm pawg neeg lag luam cawv tom qab kaw, xws li lub npe nrov Ai Lub Isle ntawm Thunder winery, Port Ellen, tau raug kaw. Lub nruas tshuab siv rau malting yog qhov loj tshaj plaws malting nruas nyob rau hauv UK thiab txawm nyob sab Europe. Ntxiv rau kev muab Lagavulin thiab Caol Ila distilleries ntawm tib pab pawg, nws cov malts kuj tau muab rau Ardbeg, Bowmore, Bunnahabhain thiab Talisker. ) thiab Tobermory kuj yog nws cov neeg siv khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias qhov pib ntawm lub distillery txoj kev npaj rov pib dua tshiab hauv xyoo tas los no, nws xav tias nws cov khoom siv sab nraud ntawm peated malt yuav raug txo qis lossis txawm tias txiav tawm tag nrho.
2. Tej zaum peb yuav ci ncuav?
Puas muaj leej twg pom tias lub logo ntawm Cardhu whiskey yog ib tug poj niam waving chij?
Qhov no muaj ib yam dab tsi ua nrog Helen Cumming, tus poj niam ntawm distillery founder John Cumming. Lub Cummings tau ua txhaum cai, me me whiskey ntawm lawv tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Cardew rau 13 xyoo ua ntej Scotland tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv tso cai distillery raws li Excise Act of 1823.
Txawm hais tias John raug txim ntawm kev ua txhaum cai peb zaug yam tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai raug cai nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kom txog rau thaum lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam tau txais daim ntawv tso cai xyoo 1824, tso siab rau Helen cov txuj ci brewing thiab kev zam se, lub hli brewing ntawm Cardew Farm yeej tsis nres.
Lub npe hu ua cov txheej txheem zam kev zam se yog vim qhov tseeb tias Caddu Farm nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Glen Canyon, qhov chaw tshaj tawm qhov chaw uas cov neeg ua haujlwm sib sau ua ke. Tag nrho cheeb tsam zoo li lub phiab, thiab Caddu Winery yog siab dua ntawm toj roob hauv pes. Thaum twg cov neeg sau se hla los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tau hnov cov ntxhiab tsw uas tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm whiskey, Helen yuav dag thiab hais tias mashing thiab fermentation yog ua mov ci, thiab caw cov neeg sau se los zaum thiab lom zem rau lawv nrog mov ci thiab tshuaj yej. ncua sij hawm thiab mus rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj kom kho cov cawv. Nce tus chij liab rau lwm lub hli.
Rau whiskey distilleries, saccharification thiab fermentation yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov whiskey. Andrew Thompson, tus tsim ntawm Wolfburn, ntseeg hais tias nws tsuas yog siv sijhawm li 4 lub hlis los kawm txog cov distiller tom qab ua haujlwm hauv lub tshuab distiller. Txhua yam, tab sis hais txog mashing, nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog 2 xyoos.
Qhov tseeb, tom qab barley los yog nplej yog malted, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog saccharification ntawm crushed malt ua los ntawm malt zeb. Cov crushed malt thiab dej kub yog muab tso rau hauv lub mash tun (mash tun) nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ratio, stirred, ntxuav, thiab pom thiab thaum kawg pom kom tau "wort", uas tsuas yog txhais tau tias soaking lub crushed malt nyob rau hauv ib da dej kub.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws mash trough nyob rau hauv Scotland yog Bunnahabhain mash trough, uas tseem yog ib txwm roofless qhib cam khwb cia hlau los yog hlau tawg lub tog raj kheej mash trough. Tam sim no, ntxiv rau Bunnahabhain, tseem muaj Bunnahabhain mash troughs. Siv los ntawm ob peb Scottish distilleries xws li Bruichladdich, Springbank, Deanston thiab Royal Lochnagar.
Fermentation tom qab mashing yog tus yuam sij rau shaping tus tsw ntawm whiskey. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj cawv fermentation, feem ntau hais lus, tom qab 48 mus rau 50 teev, cov poov xab yuav tsim cawv, thiab cov distilled ntsuj plig yuav muaj ib tug grain tsw. Fermentation uas kav ntev tshaj 60 teev yuav siv sij hawm kom zoo dua lub sij hawm dormant thaum cov poov xab dormant. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, yuav muaj cov khoom qab zib tshiab, ua rau muaj kev xav ntau dua.
Yog li ntawd, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub sij hawm fermentation, feem ntau ntawm Scotch whiskey kev lag luam siv li ntawm 48-50 teev raws li txoj kab sib faib rau lub sij hawm fermentation. Hauv qab 50 teev yog suav tias yog luv fermentation, 60 mus rau 75 teev yog suav tias yog nruab nrab fermentation lub sij hawm, thiab 75 mus rau 120 teev Nws yog suav tias yog ntev fermentation. Niaj hnub no, ntau thiab ntau cov wineries kuj tseem xav txog kev ncua sij hawm fermentation los hloov cov tsw ntawm cov cawv thaum txhim kho cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, lub sij hawm fermentation ntawm Bladnoch Winery yog txog 127 teev.
Niaj hnub no, txhawm rau ua raws li txoj cai hnub so ob hnub, qee qhov Scotch whiskey distilleries tso cai rau cov cawv kom ferment rau ob hnub ntxiv thaum tsis muaj leej twg ua haujlwm rau hnub Saturday lossis Hnub Sunday, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom txog thaum lawv ua haujlwm rau hnub Monday. Yog li ntawd, lub distillery yog qhib rau pej xeem. Lub sij hawm fermentation yuav poob ntawm 48 thiab 96 teev, uas yog hu ua lub lis piam fermentation.
Judging los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub fermentation tank, feem ntau fermentation tso tsheb hlau luam niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm stainless hlau, los yog ib tug ua ke fermentation tank nrog ib tug stainless hlau sab saum toj npog raws li ib tug ntoo tank, thaum tsoos fermentation tso tsheb hlau luam yog ua los ntawm European ntoo thuv. . Tau kawg, tseem muaj cov xwm txheej uas lark, cypress, lossis txawm tias Mizunara ntoo siv los ua fermentation tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyiv Chichibu Distillery yog tib lub chaw ua dej cawv hauv ntiaj teb uas siv Mizunara ntoo fermentation tso tsheb hlau luam.
3. Distillation: Ireland tsis tuaj yeem zam tau
Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb hauv keeb kwm txog thaum twg whiskey distillation pib. Tab sis qhov kev xav dav dav tshaj plaws yog tias whiskey pib los ntawm kev sib tsoo alchemy tau los ntawm Irish cov hauj lwm hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis cov lus no yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb.
Keeb kwm, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm whiskey tseem tau hloov tas li. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm thaum whiskey tseem hu ua dej ntawm lub neej (aquavitae), tseem tau ua los ntawm av nplaum lauj kaub nrog lub peev xwm me me. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm alchemy, qhov no maj mam hloov. Cov khoom muaj xws li tin, kub, tooj dag thiab tooj liab. Niaj hnub no cov whiskey tseem yog ib txwm ua los ntawm tooj liab lossis stainless hlau.
Cov duab ntawm qhov tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb muab faib ua Pot Stills thiab Column Stills. Ntauwd tseem nyob rau hauv kev lag luam whiskey yog dominated los ntawm Coffey stills, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm tas mus li distillation thiab muaj zog distillation thiab purification muaj peev xwm. Yog li ntawd, cov pej thuam tseem tsis yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam whiskey nkaus xwb, tab sis lawv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv kuj tseem siv dav hauv lwm cov kev lag luam tshuaj thiab hu ua ntauwd distillation.
Tau kawg, nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias lub lauj kaub tseem siv tau. Raws li txoj cai Scotch whiskey, ib qho malt whiskey yuav tsum siv lub lauj kaub. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias, ntxiv rau lub lauj kaub ib txwm tseem, Lochman tshwj xeeb tseem siv nyob rau hauv Loch Lomond Distillery tuaj yeem hais tias yog kev sib xyaw ntawm lub lauj kaub tseem thiab ib tug pej thuam tseem, tab sis nws cov thawj ntawm Lomond tseem raug tso tseg thaum kawg. ntau yam distilleries vim qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua lub ntsiab ntawm lub lauj kaub tseem hom.
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab ntawm distillers tau hloov kho tas li, txoj kev ntawm distillation tsis tau hloov ntau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, feem ntau distilleries siv malt thiab lwm yam nplej ua raw khoom rau distillation. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev txwv ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis, qhov thib ob distillation nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau ntsib nrog cov teeb meem ntawm distilling cov cawv tshiab uas ntshiab txaus thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus cawv txaus. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub triple distillation technology nyob rau hauv Ireland los ua lub ntsiab ntawm whiskey ntau lawm thaum lub sij hawm ntawd.
Cov txheej txheem triple distillation no tsis yog tsuas yog tso lub hauv paus rau qhov tsw thiab style ntawm Irish whiskey yav tom ntej, tab sis kuj ua rau hom no purer thiab sweeter Irish whiskey ib tus neeg muag khoom kub hauv khw. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, raws li Irish whiskey ua lag luam tau nrov nyob rau hauv Scotland thiab England, distillers nyob rau hauv lowland cheeb tsam ntawm Scotland pib ua raws li kev cai. Txawm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, muaj plaub zaug nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov sab nrauv Islands tuaj ntawm Scotland. Distillation. Ntawm lawv, lub npe nrov Talisker distillery yuav tsum tau hais. Txog xyoo 1982, nws siv triple distillation los tsim whiskey.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab thev naus laus zis, cov tshuab distilleries tau dhau los ua neeg paub tab ntau dua hauv kev tswj cov purity ntawm cawv thaum lub sijhawm distillation. Txhawm rau khaws cov tsw ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm distillation, feem ntau Scotch whiskey distilleries niaj hnub no tseem siv ob chav distillation technology. Txawm tias Auchentoshan Distillery, uas yog nto moo rau nws 100% triple distillation, tsis tau siv triple distillation hauv nws keeb kwm. Raws li Alfred Bernard, tus sau ntawm "Whiskey Distilleries ntawm United Kingdom", nws tau mus xyuas lub distillery xyoo 1887. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Hoobkas pom tias Auchentoshan Distillery tau hloov mus rau ob lub tshuab distillation thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ob zaug thiab triple. distillation nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Tsuas yog tom qab lub distillery tau rov tsim dua xyoo 1969, nws tseem siv 100% distillation technology. triple distillation technology.
