Raws li cov lus ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm, rum muaj peb spellings, uas yog "Rum", "Rhum" thiab "Ron". Keeb kwm, cov dej haus kuj hu ua "Rumbowling" los yog "Rumbullion", uas nyob rau hauv lus Askiv thiab Fabkis feem ntau yog hais txog lub suab nrov los ntawm ib tug distillation boiler (cov lus rumble thiab boil feem txhais tau tias rumbling thiab boiling nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, thiab bouillir nyob rau hauv Fabkis yog. boiled); kuj tseem muaj cov kev xav uas lub npe tsuas yog ib qho luv luv ntawm lo lus Askiv qab zib (Saccharum officinarum). Kuj tseem muaj qhov kev xav paub txog keeb kwm yav dhau los rau xyoo 1655, thaum Royal Navy tau muab cov khoom noj txhua hnub ntawm rum rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub lawj loj.
Keeb kwm ntawm rum
Los ntawm kev txhais, rum yog ib qho dej haus tau los ntawm fermenting thiab distilling molasses los yog kua txiv kab ntxwv. Cia peb pib nrog cov khoom siv raw ntawm rum.
Sugarcane yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Gramineae, uas kuj muaj xws li nplej, pob kws, thiab rye. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov suab thaj yog hom tsiaj qus loj (Saccharum robustum), thiab lub ntsiab cultivated ntau yam nyob rau tam sim no yog Saccharum officinarum, uas yog ib tug hybrid ntawm ntau hom qab zib. Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov siab ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj zog, muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lub voj voog loj hlob luv, thiab muaj suab thaj ntau.
Sugarcane originated nyob rau hauv Malaysia. Nws yog thawj zaug qhia rau Is Nrias teb los ntawm Southeast Asia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 6th BC, cov Persians invaded Is Nrias teb thiab nrhiav pom qab zib thiab qhia nws rau lawv lub teb chaws. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 3 BC, Alexander lub Great cov tub rog tau kov yeej Persia thiab ua thawj cov neeg European pom cov nroj tsuag no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg nyob rau hauv ancient Greece thiab Rome tsuas muaj kev nkag siab tsis meej txog cov nroj tsuag no. Herodotus thiab Theophrastus ob leeg tau hais tias muaj ib hom suab thaj zib ntab uas tau tsim tawm tsis zoo li zib ntab. Nyob rau hauv 637 AD, cov Arabs kuj nrhiav tau qab zib. Tom qab ntawd, cov Arabs tau nthuav tawm cov suab thaj los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws mus rau Palestine, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Spain thiab Sicily hauv xyoo pua 9.
Tom qab cov neeg Portuguese tau tsim ib cheeb tsam ntawm Madeira hauv xyoo 1420, lawv tau coj cov suab thaj mus rau Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands thiab West Africa. Nyob rau hauv 1493, thaum lub sij hawm Columbus lub thib ob voyage, nws coj qab zib pas nrig mus rau Hispaniola (tam sim no lub Dominican koom pheej); Cov neeg nyob sab Europe tau qhia cov kab qab zib los ntawm Hispaniola mus rau Central America thiab Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique thiab Guadeloupe, cov Islands tuaj hu ua "Sugar Islands". Cov neeg nyob sab Europe tau pib tsim cov chaw cog qoob loo thiab cov chaw tsim khoom los tsim cov suab thaj, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai hauv kev cog qoob loo hauv Caribbean.
Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Caribbean, tib neeg pom tias molasses yuav fermented thiab ces distilled, yog li no distillate hu ua Rumbullion thaum lub sij hawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Barbados, muaj cov tshuab distillation uas tuaj yeem tsim cov dej qab zib nrog cov ntsiab lus cawv thiab ob peb impurities. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg txog qhov no hauv 1651: "Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas lawv ua hauv cov kob yog Rumbullion, tseem hu ua Kil-Divil, uas caw nws tau distilled los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab yog cov cawv muaj zog, ntuj txiag teb tsaus." Yog li rum tau yug los!
Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm distillation qhia tau hais tias cov dej fermented no zoo li yog ib qho kev tsim ntawm Is Nrias teb thaum ub thiab Tuam Tshoj. "Marco Polo's Travels" sau Marco Polo cov kev paub hauv Asia nyob rau xyoo pua 13th, uas hais txog ib hom cawv qab zib uas tau nrov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw (tej zaum hauv Iran niaj hnub no). Cov Arabs kuj nrhiav tau qhov zais cia ntawm distillation, tab sis thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo distillates tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv nyob rau xyoo pua 15th. Tib neeg thawj zaug siv Indian qab zib thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau American qab zib.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tus tub txib Bor Laba coj cov khoom siv distilling los ntawm Fabkis, los yog ntau dua los ntawm cheeb tsam Cognac, mus rau Marie-Galante Island tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov rum. Nws yog tus tsav tsheb tom qab kev txhawb nqa ntawm rum. Cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho tshiab.
