Nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, peb yuav tham txog lub tseem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no distilled ntsuj plig, uas yog, distillation li.
1. Cawv tseem. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tam sim no ntawm distilled spirits borrows lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cawv distillation nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws tseem yog ib tug cawv tseem. Cawv tseem yog feem ntau ntau-theem yees, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog peb-theem ntauwd, thiab feem ntau yog yim-theem yees. Kuj tseem muaj ntau theem ntawm cov tais hauv txhua qhov distillation ntauwd. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm impurities" tshem tawm ntau yam tsis-ethanol Cheebtsam. Feem ntau, cov tais hauv cov kab distillation muaj ntau ntau theem, thiab ntau pua theem. Daim duab 1 yog 6-kem sib txawv siab distillation system ntawm Artheney cawv Hoobkas nyob rau Fabkis, cia peb pib nrog mash pej thuam. mash) muab tso rau hauv nws; muaj ib seem distillation saum lub mash pej thuam, mash ntauwd thiab seem distillation. Nws raug suav hais tias yog ob lub yees; tom qab cov cawv tawm ntawm lub mash ntauwd, yuav tsum tau kho, thiab rectification ntauwd yuav paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv nws; ces nws nkag mus rau hauv cov dej extraction ntauwd, uas yog lub extraction ntauwd ntawm fusel roj, nws yog hu ua lub impurity tshem tawm ntauwd, thiab cov cawv yog muab rho tawm los ntawm lub fusel pej thuam. txoj kev rho tawm dej, thiab cov roj fusel tshuav; tus pej thuam kawg yog tus pej thuam tshem tawm methanol. Cov roj fusel yog qhov nyuaj dua los daws, thiab muaj ob lub yees rau kev tshem tawm cov roj fusel. Cov txheej txheem yim-kem (raws li qhia hauv daim duab ②) muaj ib qho ntxiv ib-theem distillation kem thiab ib-theem dej extraction kem. Hauv kev lag luam cawv, tshwj tsis yog cawv, lwm yam impurities yog los ntawm cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov khoom lag luam kuj muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim cov cawv, tam sim no muaj ntau dua 200 cov khoom lag luam rho tawm. Cov ntsuj plig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo ib yam li cawv yog vodka, uas tseem siv ntauwd distillation. Laizhou Distillery nyob rau hauv Qionglai, Sichuan, Suav teb, muaj yim-ntauwd ntaus ntawv rau vodka distillation. Qhov sib txawv ntawm vodka thiab kev lag luam cawv yog tias cov cuab yeej vodka yog qhov me me, thiab lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj loj uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau dua 100,{17}} tons muaj ntau qhov ntau dua distillation.
2. Whiskey lauj kaub tseem. Tsis zoo li Suav cawv, tag nrho cov whiskeys yog fractionally distilled. Feem ntau cov khoom siv whiskey distillation muaj ob theem. Thawj theem yog hu ua wine tseem, uas yog sib npaug rau mash ntauwd nyob rau hauv lub cawv distillation ntaus ntawv. Thawj fermentation yog muab tso rau hauv. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov cawv concentration hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog li 12 feem pua. Lub hauv paus distillation tsis tuaj yeem ua kom cov cawv ntau ntau, nws tsuas tuaj yeem nce cov cawv kom txog li 20 feem pua, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov tshuaj distilled mus rau lwm qhov thib ob tseem hu ua tus ntsuj plig tseem ntxiv rau distillation, thiaj li yuav tau txais cov concentration ntawm 80 feem pua. . Ib qho tshuaj aqueous nrog cawv concentration siab tshaj feem pua, uas yog, cawv. Tsis zoo li cov cuab yeej tshem tawm cawv, whiskey yuav tsum khaws cov khoom sib txuam, uas yog hu ua " impurities" hauv kev lag luam cawv. Judging los ntawm cov duab ntawm lub lauj kaub distillation ntaus ntawv, nws muaj ib tug reflux muaj nuj nqi, thiab seb nws yog ib tug dos-zoo li tus tseem los yog ib tug pear-shaped tseem muaj ib tug reflux muaj nuj nqi, uas muaj peev xwm tshem tawm impurities nyob rau hauv kev lag luam cawv: acids, esters, aldehydes, cawv, thiab lwm yam. Cia nws los tiv thaiv nws ntawm evaporating nrog cawv. Whiskey tseem yog ua los ntawm tooj liab. Kev lag luam whiskey ntseeg tias tooj liab muaj cov nyhuv catalytic, thiab tseem ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab stainless hlau muaj qhov sib txawv. Lub aroma ntawm cawu cub ua los ntawm stainless hlau tseem zoo li "nqaij", thaum lub aroma ntawm cawu cub ua los ntawm tooj liab tseem yog ntau fruity thiab grassy. Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab lag luam whiskey feem ntau siv cov lauj kaub tooj liab, thiab tseem muaj cov kab uas txawv ntawm lub lauj kaub.
3. Suav cawv distiller. Lub distiller rau Suav cawv yog hu ua wine retort, uas tuaj yeem loj lossis me. Feem ntau, txoj kab uas hla sab saud yog 2m, qhov qis dua yog 1m, thiab qhov siab yog li 1m. Cov khoom siv condensing siv saum toj no yog lub ntuj lub lauj kaub condensation, thiab tam sim no feem ntau ntawm lawv tau hloov mus rau ncaj- raj condensers. Muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm evolution txog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm wine retorts, uas yuav piav qhia tom qab. Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog ntawm no tias piv nrog whiskey tseem, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab retorts rau Suav cawv yog siab heev, thiab cov cawv concentration yuav siab li 75 feem pua hauv ib qho kev distillation. feem pua ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm reflux, nws tseem tuaj yeem nqa tawm cov khoom siv nyuaj, ntau dua li whiskey. Whisky yog kua fermentation thiab kua distillation; Suav cawv yog khoom fermentation thiab khoom distillation. Piv nrog rau cov kua hauv lub xeev, solid-state fermentation muaj pom tseeb theem cuam tshuam cuam tshuam, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm high-temperature chav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm distillation txheej txheem, uas yuav tsim aroma thiab saj tshuaj uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub fermentation txheej txheem. . Qhov no yog Suav cawv distiller cawv. Qhov zoo ntawm retort. Cov cawv txiv hmab tsis tau hloov pauv ntau tom qab ntau pua xyoo, vim tias nws muaj qhov zoo dua qub.
