Whiskey, ib tug ntsuj plig nrog kev nplua nuj thiab mellow saj thiab keeb kwm ntev, tshuav nws lub neej rau cov txheej txheem intricate thiab zoo tshaj plaws distillation txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem no ua ke thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua yeeb yam, hloov cov khoom xyaw yooj yim xws li nplej, poov xab, thiab dej haus rau ib qho tshwj xeeb thiab dej tsw ntxhiab. Txawm hais tias nws muaj koob meej, coob leej tsis tau paub txog tias whiskey yog distilled. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav coj koj mus rau txoj kev xav tsis thoob, qhia txhua yam ntawm txhua kauj ruam thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm txhua kauj ruam thiab tso cai rau koj txaus siab rau tus kws ua khoom qab zib nws qab.
Cov Khoom Siv Raw rau Distilling Whiskey
Ywg dej
Dej yog lub hauv paus ntawm whiskey ntau lawm, tau koom nrog txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem. Lub purity, cov ntsiab lus ntxhia, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm ntuj lossis dej hauv av) txhua lub cawv txiv hmab txiv ntoo los sib txawv ntawm qib. Nyob rau hauv lub brewing thiab dilution kev ua tau zoo, qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ua rau lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom. Whiskey cov neeg ua lag luam feem ntau nyiam cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, xws li cov pob zeb dawb huv, raws li cov minery highlation ntawm cov dej tuaj yeem ntxiv cov nplua nuj nyob rau cov cawv.
Nplej
Nplej yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm whiskey, nrog cov khoom uas muaj xws li cov pob kws, nplej, thiab rye. Txhua hom nplej muaj nws tus yam ntxwv hauv whiskey ntau lawm, pib lub cawv nrog cov tsw qab thiab textures. Barley yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem malting. Nws cov hmoov nplej nplua nuj hloov mus rau hauv cov suab thaj fermentable thaum lub zog germination, muab lub zog rau kev fermentation tom ntej. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev txwv ntawm barley pab nrog kev lim, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov dej cawv thiab ua nws qab. Pob kws muab lub qab zib thiab cov saj du thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tw loj hauv Bourbon Whiskey. Nplej ua rau cov cawv saj soldter softer thiab smoother, thaum r lye ntxiv cov nplua nuj thiab ntsim tsw zoo nkauj.
Poov xab
Poov xab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Whiskey ntau lawm thaum nws muaj lub luag haujlwm los hloov cov suab thaj hauv cov cawv thiab roj carbon dioxide, pib cov txheej txheem fermentation. Thaum xaiv cov poov xab, yam xws li nws cov yam ntxwv fermentation, suav nrog fermentation ceev, ua tau zoo, thiab cov tsw cov khoom lag luam nws tsim tawm, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Txawv cov poov xab sib txawv tsim ntau yam los ntawm cov khoom estre, thiab cov cawv ntau ntxiv thaum lub ntsej muag tsw qab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov nyom ntawm whiskey.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Distill Wheykey
Malting
Malting yog thawj kauj ruam hauv Whiskey ntau lawm, tsom mus qhib cov enzymes hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tso lub hauv paus rau tom qab Saccharification.
● So:Barley lossis lwm cov noob uas xaiv tau yog soaked hauv dej, feem ntau yog 2 - 3 hnub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov nplej nqus dej thiab swell, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev ua lag luam. Cov dej nkag mus rau hauv sab hauv ntawm cov nplej, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev hloov pauv biochemical.
● Kev cog lus:Tom qab soaking, cov nplej pib rau sprout, ua kom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab-decomposing enzymes xws li -amylase thiab -amylase. Cov enzymes no yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tom qab Saccharationification theem thaum lawv maj lov hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab xws li cov piam thaj thiab muntose. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem germination kuj ua rau muaj qee yam tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau cov tsw.
● Kom qhuav:Cov makinated malt yog pauv mus rau qhov cub ziab kom ziab kom nres cov txheej txheem germinate thiab khaws cov haujlwm enzyme. Lub ziab kub yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau muaj qhov tsw ntawm malt. Raws li qhov kub nce, qab ntawm malt ua qhov muaj zog thiab cov xim tob. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov kub siab ua rau muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam xws li cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw motey, muab cov cawv txiv ntoo uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw qab thiab xim.
Saccharific
Saccharification yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ntxiv rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv malt rau hauv qab zib. Cov malt qhuav yog av ua hmoov thiab sib xyaw nrog dej kub kom tsim ib mash. Cov mash khaws cia ntawm qhov kub tshwj xeeb (feem ntau {{{}}} degree) rau cov enzymes) rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, kom muaj ntau cov hnub poob rau hauv qab zib. Tus txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas kub thiab sijhawm kub thiab sijhawm. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub siab dhau lossis lub sijhawm ntev dhau, cov enzymes yuav ua tsis tau, cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj saccharification. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsawg dhau los yog lub sijhawm luv dua, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab dua, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yuav tsis tiav, txo qhov dej caw tsis tiav thiab cov tsw ntawm cov cawv.
Fermentation
Tom qab mashed malt yog txias, poov xab tau ntxiv rau fermentation. Fermentation cov hlab ntsha feem ntau suav nrog oak ris lossis stainless hlau tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov txheej txheem fermentation feem ntau kav rau {{}}}}}}}}}}}}}} hnub, thiab lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb yog cuam tshuam los ntawm malt mash, thiab ib puag ncig kub. Cov poov xab hloov cov suab thaj hauv malt mash mus rau hauv cawv thiab roj carbon dioxide. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub cawv maj mam tsim ib qho txawvfa thiab tsw, thiab dej cawv kom loj hlob. Cov xwm txheej kev nyiam huv ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm kev sib kis yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, thiab nruj me ntsis kev sib kis yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov cawv.
Distillation
● Distillation:Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov scottish ib malt whiskey. Ua ntej, cov cawv uas muaj fermented yog loaded rau hauv alauj kaub tseemthiab rhuab. Cawv thiab qee cov tshuaj tsw nyob hauv cov cua sov, ua kom cov pa uas nce mus rau hauv cov kua uas ntws mus rau hauv lub khob ntim khoom. Kev haus cawv ntawm cov cawv tau los ntawm thawj distillation yog hais txog 20% {%, thiab nws kuj muaj ntau cov impurities thiab tsw qab. Tom qab ntawd, qhov thib ob distillation yog nqa tawm ntxiv kom huv si cov cawv thiab mloog cov tshuaj tsw qab. Thaum lub sij hawm thib ob distillation, qhov zoo ntawm cov cawv sau los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm tseem txawv. Lub taub hau muaj ntau dua cov phom sij qis qis dua (xws li methanol) thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Lub siab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws-seem uas muaj cawv nplua nuj thiab muaj cawv kom muaj kev tsim nyog (txog 60% {%), uas yog sau rau kev laus. Cov Tails muaj cov ntsiab lus muaj dej cawv thiab ntau yam impurities thiab feem ntau yog tov nrog thawj distillate ntawm cov batch tom ntej rau r-distillation.
● Sab Distillation:Kem tseemMuaj peev xwm ntau dua thiab yog siv ntau nyob hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm Bourbon Whiskey. Cov cawv ntws tawm hauv kem distillation, ua kev sib cuag nrog chav hauv cov tais diav, ua tiav ntau feem kev vaporizations thiab cov hws. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem nyias muaj nyias haus cawv los ntawm impurities, thiab ib qho distillation xwb tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv {{teev. Kev haus cawv ntawm cov cawv tau txais cawv yog qhov siab dua (nce txog 90% lossis ntau dua), tab sis piv nrog cov tshuaj distillation, nws khaws cov tshuaj tsw qab tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsw qab txaus tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej xws li kev laus hauv Oak Barrels.
Kev ua laus
Cov cawv distilled yuav tsum tau ua neeg laus hauv Oak Barrels, uas yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv shaping thiab loj hlob ntawm whiskey. Yam khoom xws li hom Oak Barrel (xws li American Oak Barrels lossis Laus Oak Barrels, thiab lub sijhawm laus txhua tus muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov cawv ntawm whiskey. Oak Barrels tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nplua nuj nyob xws li vanilla, cov txuj lom, haus luam yeeb, thiab caramel rau cawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv txhawb kev tiv tauj qeeb ntawm cov cawv thiab oxygen, ua rau kom paub me ntsis nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig oxidized, ua rau cov saj ntau me ntsis thiab cov xim kuj tob nrog lub sijhawm. Lub sijhawm laus feem ntau yog li ntau ntau xyoo rau ntau caum xyoo. Lub sijhawm ntev dua, qhov ntau tshaj plaws lub whiskos abadback qhov qab ntawm Oak Barrel, thiab lub siab dua thiab tus nqi zoo li yuav.
Kev sib xyaw (yeem)
Qee cov dej cawv ua ntej ua ntej ntim. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, lossis cov ntoo sib txawv ntawm cov cawv, txhawm rau tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom sib xws thiab txawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tw yuav tsum tau sib xyaw ua ke rau lawv cov cawv thiab saj, sib npaug ntawm cov kev cia siab ntawm cov kev cia siab ntawm cov cim kev cia siab ntawm Whiskey Style.
Dilution thiab bumpling
Lub whiskey tom qab kev laus lossis kev sib xyaw muaj cov ntsiab lus dej cawv ntau thiab xav tau kom muaj kev haus dej haus kom haum (feem ntau 40% {% abv). Cov dej paug dej yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis tswj hwm kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo, yog li tsis cuam tshuam rau cov cawv ntawm cov cawv. Tom qab hais tias, lub wiluise whisky yog lim thiab meej kom tshem tawm cov peev xwm ua tau. Thaum kawg, nws tau sau rau hauv kev ua tib zoo tsim hwj, sau npe, thiab ua tiav cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom kawg thiab nthuav tawm nws rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv Whisky
Ntev npaum li cas nws siv rau distill whiskey
Lub sijhawm ntawm distilling whiskey sib txawv raws li cov txheej txheem distillation thiab khoom siv. Scottish ib malt ntxhi distilled nyob rau hauv alauj kaub tseemFeem ntau yuav tsum ob distillations, txhua zaug noj txog 6 - 8 teev. Bourbon Whiskey distilled nyob rau hauv asab ntawv tseemtuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib qho distillation nyob rau hauv 4 - 6 teev. Qee qhov tsis txaus siab rau nws khib nyiab yauv uas muaj peb distillations, ua rau muaj lub sijhawm ntev. Yog hais tias lub sijhawm distillation luv heev, kev sib cais ntawm cov cawv thiab cov tshuaj tsw thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab yuav tsis txaus, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov cawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias lub sijhawm ntev dhau lawm yuav raug muab sib xyaw, lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tsw qab yuav raug hloov vim tias overheating, txo qhov zoo ntawm lub whiskey.
Tswj Qhov Kub
Cov txheej txheem distillation muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub siab dhau lawm, tsis xav paub ntau yam xws li haus dej cawv (xws li haus dej haus cawv (xws li haus dej haus cawv) yuav nkag rau cov saj thiab qab, thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb. Yog hais tias qhov ntsuas kub tsawg dhau, kev haus dej cawv ntau dhau, kev haus dej cawv ua tau zoo yuav cuam tshuam, txo cov kev ua kom distillation thiab cov cawv txiv hmab dej cawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj qhov kub kub ntawm qhov tseem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm ua ke. Kev saib xyuas ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau them rau tus pas ntsuas kub kom ntseeg tau tias yog ib puag ncig thiab tswj tau ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem distillation thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov cawv.
Dej Zoo Feem Ntau
Cov dej ua tau zoo siv nyob rau hauv cov saccharification, fermentation, thiab dilution yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Yog tias cov dej tsis zoo ua tsis tau raws cov qauv, xws li muaj cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau dhau, nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov kev ua enzyme, nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov kev ua enzyme thaum lub sijhawm smeadchayme, cuam tshuam rau cov hmoov txhuv txhuv nplej siab hloov dua siab tshiab. Thaum lub sij hawm fermentation, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm tus kab mob, cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation. Thaum diluting, nws yuav qhia qhov tsis txaus siab tsw rau cov cawv, txo cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, cov dej ntshiab yuav tsum tau siv los xyuas kom meej qhov kev nce qib ib txwm muaj ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub purity ntawm cov cawv tsw qab.
Cov Khoom Siv Raw Khoom Zoo
Yam khoom cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyoos xws li ntau yam, keeb kwm kev ua si tshiab, thiab kev ua cov kev ua si thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov nyom ntawm whiskey. Cov hmoov nplej zoo yog cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab muaj ob peb impurities, muab suab thaj txaus rau fermentation. Cov poov xab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem hloov qab zib qab zib thiab ua cov tshuaj tsw qab. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raw muaj teeb meem xws li mildew, lossis paug, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau tsw qab, tsw qab, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm whiskey. Yog li ntawd, nruj kev tswj hwm yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv raw thiab qib chaw.
Dej cawv
Kev haus cawv hauv txhua theem ntawm distillation yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis tswj thiab saib xyuas. Cov qauv sib txawv thiab theem muaj lawv haus cawv uas tsim nyog muaj kev haus cawv. Piv txwv li, kev haus cawv sau rau hauv lub zog sib sau ua ke yog 60% {%, thiab txawm hais tias kev haus cawv kom zoo, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom huv thiab kho tau tom qab. Yog tias kev haus cawv deviates los ntawm cov khoom siv tsim nyog, nws yuav hloov pauv cov solubility thiab volatility ntawm cov kua tsw qab, saj, thiab tsw qab ntawm whiskey. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm kev haus cawv yog tus yuam sij los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom tiav.
Tag
Distilling whiskey yog qhov kev taug kev muag heev thiab nyuaj tag nrho ntawm cov kev xav tsis thoob. Txhua tus kauj ruam xav tau Craftsmanship thiab kev ua siab ntev. Los ntawm kev xaiv ceevfaj ntawm cov khoom nyoos rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem meej ntawm cov txheej txheem whiskey, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb hauv lub ntiaj teb dab teb. Yog tias koj xav tshawb nrhiav Whiskey ntau lawm txheej txheem hauv qhov tob lossis xav paub ntau ntxiv txogKhoom Distillation Khoom, Tiv tauj peb.Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom siv distillation, peb yuav muab koj cov kev tshaj lij kev pab koj kom txaus siab rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm whiskey!
