Rum keeb kwm kev taw qhia
Sugarcane tau nyob hauv New Guinea thaum ntxov li 8000 BC, mus txog Asia sab av loj (tam sim no Is Nrias teb) nyob ib ncig ntawm 1000 BC, raug coj mus rau Iran nyob rau xyoo pua 6th AD, thiab nkag mus rau Sicily thiab Spain hauv xyoo pua 7th.
Nyob rau hauv 1493, Columbus coj cov qab zib los ntawm Canary Islands tuaj rau Caribbean ntawm nws qhov thib ob voyage.
Nyob rau hauv 1627, 80 Askiv colonists thiab 10 qhev tau taug kev ntawm Barbados, nqa cov tshuab distillation nrog lawv thiab pib tsim cov suab thaj qab zib.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, vim yog kev lag luam daim duab peb sab, rum tau los ua tus ntsuj plig nto moo hauv ntiaj teb; Tebchaws Askiv cov chav kawm nruab nrab tau muaj peb txoj kev xaiv rau cov ntsuj plig: Fabkis brandy, Dutch gin thiab West Indies rum. Rum punch yog cov dej haus nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, phylloxera tau tawg tawm hauv Tebchaws Europe, uas cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam cawv thiab muab lub sijhawm rau Fabkis txoj kev vam meej.
Xyoo 1919, Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm Kev Txwv, thiab pheej yig thiab lub teeb Western-style rum nyob hauv Asmeskas kev lag luam hauv av.
Lub ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm rum
Rum yog ib tug ntsuj plig uas yog fermented thiab ces distilled los ntawm qab zib kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qab zib syrup, los yog molasses. Nws tuaj yeem muab ntim ncaj qha los yog hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib ntoo kom tsim cov xim tsaus, nplua nuj dua.
Sib txawv ntawm whiskey, kev lag luam rum muaj cov kev cai nruj heev vim nws muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm keeb kwm, keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ntau haiv neeg saj, xim, ntau lawm technology, thiab blending additives tom qab laus, uas txhais tau hais tias kev nkag siab rum yog ntau. nyuaj thiab xav kom nkag siab txog keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai hauv zos.
Muaj ntau lub teb chaws tsim rum (qabzib ntsuj plig) thoob ntiaj teb, tsis yog hauv Caribbean xwb.
rum style
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv rum faib rum rau hauv rum dawb, golden rum thiab tsaus rum raws li xim; tab sis qhov no tsis muaj nuj nqis li kev faib cov npias hauv cov xim dub, daj thiab dawb. Xim tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov aroma ntawm cawv txhua. nrog saj.
Ntawm daim ntawv lo rum, ntxiv rau qhov paub Rum, kuj tseem yuav muaj Rhum thiab Ron; los ntawm lus Askiv, Fabkis thiab Spanish feem; qhov no qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov rum no thiab tseem coj tawm qhov kev faib tawm ntev. : "Rum Bloodline Theory" uas faib British rum, Fabkis rum, thiab Western rum ua peb ntu. Peb lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws no yog cov tub rog tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Caribbean thiab South America. Peb lub teb chaws no tsis tsuas yog txhais cov kev sau ntawv ntawm rum, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau kev cai dab qhuas colonial rum brewing kev lig kev cai vim qhov nyiam, cov cai, thiab cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws sovereign. Yog li ntawd, "rum keeb kwm" feem ntau txhais tau hais tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb, cov khoom siv raw, cov txheej txheem xaiv, thiab cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm cov rum no, uas ib txwm coj "predictable" tsw ua tau zoo.
Rum thiab British Navy
Lub tshuab tau rov qab rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov dej tsis huv, npias thiab brandy tau siv los ua cov dej qab zib ntxiv rau hauv nkoj. Lub aroma ntawm cawv tau siv los txhim kho qhov saj thiab muaj cov nyhuv sterilizing. Xyoo 1740, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Admiral Edward Vernon ntawm British Royal Navy tau coj nws lub nkoj mus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv hiav txwv. Nws faib rum raws li tus qauv muab khoom thiab teev lub sijhawm thiab tus nqi haus. Nws tau los ua ib qho kev ruaj ntseg hauv xyoo 1756.
Ib qho kev suzerainty ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem txhais lus Askiv. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm rum kab lig kev xav: keeb kwm colonial obscures cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas tau ua rum, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem taw qhia qhov tsw. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau hais tias "Lus Askiv rum" yog dab tsi. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv raw yog molasses, British rum craftsmanship nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no txawv heev.
Tau kawg, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom qee tus yam ntxwv ntawm British rum: cov txheej txheem brewing nyuaj, lub sijhawm fermentation ntev, cov poov xab qus (Fabkis system kuj muaj, tab sis kom haum rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kev tswj kub nruj), bagasse rov siv dua, lauj kaub. distillation nkoj; tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb, tsaus, nplua nuj, siab-ester style rum.
Smob
Sib txawv ntawm cov qauv British colonial hauv Asmeskas, Spain tau xav txog cov lus dab neeg ntawm El Dorado thiab ua tau zoo dua li tsis muaj dab tsi hauv kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb hauv Asmeskas. Lub Invincible Fleet tau dhau los ua ib lub nkoj thauj khoom, tab sis nws tsis tsim kev lag luam raws li lub zog hiav txwv. Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj siab dua yog tias muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv dag zog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th thiab 18th, Spain tau cais cov neeg Amelikas cov cawv cawv los ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees rau cov laj thawj xws li tiv thaiv kev lag luam cawv hauv zos thiab txhawb kev ntseeg.
"Zoo hmoo", xyoo 1762, British Royal Fleet tau ntes Havana Bay los ntawm Spanish. Sai li lub nkoj thauj khoom thauj khoom hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj, cov neeg nyiam hauv zos hauv West Indies nyob rau ntawd - cov tub lag luam, cov neeg ua lag luam, cov khw muag khoom qab zib, cov tub lag luam qhev, cov tswv nkoj, cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, thiab lwm yam, twb tau ceeb toom txog qhov xwm txheej thiab nyiam kev nqis peev. Lawv tau rov qab muab cov av pov tseg, tsim cov dej txuag dej, muag qhev, brewed molasses, thiab pib ua lag luam. Lawv tau theej cov qauv ua tau zoo ntawm ntau lub teb chaws qab zib nyob ib puag ncig thiab ua kev hloov pauv loj rau Cuba tus qauv kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ib xyoos, lawv tau hloov lub koog pov txwv mus rau hauv lub hauv paus tsim qab zib ntau.
Tom qab tsov rog, Spain pauv Florida rau Havana thiab Manila. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv zos uas tau saj qhov qab zib ntawm British kev lag luam tsis zoo siab. Xyoo 1778, Carlos III thaum kawg tsis kam tso cai ua lag luam dawb hauv cov cheeb tsam. Hauv peb caug xyoo tom ntej no, Teb chaws Cuba tau tshaj tawm Muaj ntau tus qhev African ntau dua li muaj nyob rau xyoo pua dhau los thiab ib nrab. Nws cov piam thaj thiab rum kev lag luam kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov ceev ceev.
Technology yog thawj lub zog tsim khoom, thiab kev lag luam loj hlob sai yog muab peb lub zog los mus nrhiav kev vam meej. Xyoo 1791, Cuba lub peev xwm tsim cov qab zib txhua xyoo tsuas yog 16,731 tons, uas tsuas yog 20% mus rau 30% ntawm Jamaica thiab Fabkis Saint-Domingue nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Tom qab nqus cov Fabkis txoj kev paub thiab hloov cov khoom siv los ntawm rab phom mus rau cannon, daim duab export ib leeg tau nce mus rau 55, 000 tons hauv xyoo 1820. Xyoo 1840, Cuba cov zis tau dhau los ntawm British West Indies ua ke. Los ntawm 1860, Teb chaws Cuba tau pab txhawb ze li ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov suab thaj, dhau los ua "cov qab zib lub tais ntawm lub ntiaj teb."
Nyob rau hauv 1808, engineer Jean-Baptiste Cellier-Blumenthal tsim ib tug nruam distiller, uas tam sim ntawd ntsia rau hauv Cuban qab zib cog. Xyoo 1836, Charles Derosne thiab Jean-Francois Cail tau tsim lub Derosne filtration system, thiab Ron Lïgero Cubano yug. Los ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv + kev pom, cov Cubans thaum kawg pom lawv tus kheej rum technology txoj kev, thiab "muaj peev xwm tsim tau" tau los ua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Western-style rum.
Piv txwv li, lub hauv paus ntawm Western-style rum yog kem distillation, industrialization, thiab ntau lawm muaj peev xwm ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj. Nws cov style kuj tau dhau los ua ib qho yooj yim rau haus thiab unburdensome. Cov ntaub ntawv raw, fermentation, tsw li, thiab kev laus yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj no. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Western-style rum txij li xyoo pua 20th, tab sis nws kuj ua rau nws zoo li qub thiab tsis muaj tseeb niaj hnub no. Txawm hais tias nws tseem nyob ntawm qhov kev sib koom ua lag luam, nws kuj tau kaw nws tus kheej ntawm ntug ntawm cov neeg nyiam lub zeem muag.
Fabkis
Tus cev lus rau Fabkis rum yog ib txwm Martinique. Martinique yog lub npe hu ua "txhua txoj kev ua rau rum", tab sis nws lub peev xwm tsim tau tsuas yog tso nyiaj rau 2% ntawm lub ntiaj teb rum, thiab tag nrho cov Fabkis rum tsuas yog 5%. Yog vim li cas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaum ntxov ntawm Fabkis brandy kev ua lag luam, thiab vim tias Fabkis tsis muaj xws li cov khoom lag luam qab zib loj hauv kev lag luam colonial. Txog thaum phylloxera kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, xyoo pua xyoo vines raug rhuav tshem, thiab Fabkis pib poob dej cawv.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, Fabkis tau tig lawv lub siab rau rum uas tsim nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej colony. Txij thaum ntawd los, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Fabkis rum tau ci ntsa iab thiab cog lus, thiab nws tau ua rau nws lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Txij li cov khoom siv raw rau Fabkis txoj kev lag luam qab zib feem ntau yog cov qab zib beets ntau dua li cov qab zib qab zib, kev lag luam sucrose hauv Fab Kis cov cheeb tsam tsis tau tsim, thiab tsis muaj sucrose los ntawm cov khoom lag luam molasses txaus. Yog li ntawd, lawv ncaj qha siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab rau brew rum, uas kuj tsim kev sib tw sib txawv nrog Western-style rum uas ua raws li cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no, thiab lawv nquag hu lawv cov rum ua liaj ua teb rum rhum agricole.
Martinique zoo li tau tsis nco qab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tshaj li dej hiav txwv, tau ob puas xyoo, tsis yog tsuas yog rum thiab qab zib xwb, tab sis kuj tib neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau koom nrog kev ua tsov rog uas tsis tau muaj dua. Ntawm cov kob, tau ob puas xyoo, lawv tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua los tsim lawv tus kheej ua liaj ua teb rum. Thaum txhua yam ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, cov Fabkis, uas tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej, thaum kawg tau pom tias lawv "Lonely Loyalty of the West Indies" tau ua rau suav tsis txheeb rums rau tag nrho Fabkis.
Xyoo 1996, Martinique Rhum Agricole tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov tsuas yog cawv txiv hmab AOC nyob hauv thaj chaw Fabkis txawv teb chaws; Nws tau qhia meej txog ntau hom qab zib, tswj cov phiaj xwm tawm los, txwv tsis pub fertilization, txwv tsis pub dej, thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus qab zib tsawg kawg nkaus thiab PH cov cai rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. , nws yuav tsum tau crushed thiab txias-nias tam sim ntawd tom qab sau, nws yog txwv tsis pub ntxiv txiv qaub, fermentation txheej txheem yog lub sij hawm-tswj thiab kub-tswj, cov cawv concentration tsis tuaj yeem siab dhau heev lawm, Creole tseem siv tag nrho, thiab distillation yog nruj me ntsis txwv. txwv tsis pub.
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias ua liaj ua teb rum muaj "terroir" tsw ntawm cawv. Cov khoom nyoos tshiab khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab marine flavors. Tsis zoo li Creole Stills ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab ntau-kem tseem, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsim los tsis yog tsiaj qus lossis tsis zoo. Ntsev, tsw qab thiab muaj kuab heev tau dhau los ua qhov kos npe ntawm Fabkis rum.
rum ntau lawm
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm rum zoo ib yam li lwm yam dab, nrog rau kev ua cov khoom siv raw, fermentation, distillation, thiab chim aging.
Raw khoom rau rum
Sugarcane belongs rau genus Saccharum ntawm tsev neeg Gramineae. Nws yog ib tsob ntoo siab perennial herbaceous. Nws cov stems txog li 5 cm tuab thiab 3.5-4.5 meters siab. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv subtropical thiab tropical climate aav, yuav tsum tau dej ntau, thiab yog ib tug laborious rau sau.
Raw khoom tuav
Kev cog qoob loo muaj kwv yees li 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov lus qab zib (sucrose), thiab rum muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam qab zib qab zib.
Tom qab sau qoob loo, cov qab zib tau raug xa mus rau lub Hoobkas suab thaj, qhov chaw uas nws yog mechanically crushed thiab dov nrog chais mus rau extract high-qab zib cane kua txiv. Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov ntsiab lus qab zib ntawm 15-23% Bx, nyob ntawm seb muaj ntau yam xws li qab zib, kev loj hlob, kev nyab xeeb thiab av.
Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ua tiav hauv cov chaw tsim khoom qab zib, uas rho cov suab thaj los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem kom paub meej ntawm cua sov thiab ntxiv cov txiv qaub slaked. Lub precipitated impurities tsim ib slurry, thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab cov impurities raug tshem tawm yog poured rau hauv lub evaporator los tsim syrup.
Los ntawm cov dej qab zib npau npau npau, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho tsaus, tuab slurry - molasses, nws cov concentration tuaj yeem ncav cuag 85% Bx. Sucrose kuj tau hloov pauv ib nrab (ua cov piam thaj thiab fructose) los ntawm cov enzymes lossis acids los tiv thaiv ntxiv crystallization. Nws muaj qee yam zoo dua cov kua txiv kab ntxwv vim tias nws muaj siab osmotic siab, yooj yim khaws cia, thiab tuaj yeem thauj mus los ntev.
Molasses yog ib qho khoom qab zib muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Kev lag luam qab zib tau txais txog 4 tons ntawm molasses los ntawm txhua 100 tons ntawm cov suab thaj tshiab. Molasses yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov as-ham thiab yog ib tug zoo raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov organic tebchaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ethanol.
Molasses, ib qho khoom los ntawm kev tsim cov suab thaj, tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom A, B thiab C. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm sucrose extractions, Hom A molasses los ntawm thawj cov txheej txheem qab zib crystallization (kwv yees li 77% ntawm cov suab thaj yog rho tawm) thiab muaj cov khoom qhuav (DM) cov ntsiab lus ntawm 80-85%. Hom B molasses yog cov khoom lag luam tau los ntawm kev rho tawm thib ob ntawm hom A molasses (12% ntawm tag nrho cov suab thaj pib tau muab rho tawm) thiab feem ntau tsis crystallize spontaneously. Hom B molasses tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog cov suab thaj crystallized kom cais tawm cov suab thaj ntau ntxiv, thiab tom qab centrifugation, Hom C molasses tau txais, uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom kawg uas tau los ntawm cov khoom qab zib. Ob hom C molasses thiab hom B molasses muaj 75-85% DM, yog xim av tsaus, thiab muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb ntawm caramel thiab Maillard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv saj qab zib, me ntsisqaub, thiab qee tus tuaj yeem nqa qee cov fiber ntau zoo los ntawm qab zib bagasse.
Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau ntseeg tias thaum ua rum los ntawm molasses, ntau hom qab zib tsis tseem ceeb. Appleton Estate lub taub hau blender hais tias ntau hom qab zib ntab uas lawv siv muab cov rum ib tug fruity tsw thiab ib tug kov ntawm creaminess. Molasses yog 1.5 npaug ntau dua li dej, uas txhais tau hais tias cov poov xab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov nplaum sab hauv ntawm cov molasses kom ferment. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej fermentation, molasses yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej. Qhov concentration ntawm dilution nyob ntawm qhov xav tau saj.
Thaum nws los ua rum los ntawm cov kua txiv kab ntxwv, ntau hom qab zib yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Fermentation
Tam sim no feem ntau siv cov poov xab qhuav ua lag luam, tab sis ob peb siv cov poov xab qus, nrog rau tsim lawv tus kheej hom los tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Molasses muaj 81 cov tshuaj tsw qab, thiab cov poov xab fermentation coj cov tshuaj tsw qab. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg dhau sijhawm los tsim kom muaj ntau qhov tsw. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm fermentation yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub sijhawm fermentation ntev dua, cov kua qaub ntau dua cov kua fermentation yuav ua tau, ntau cov esters yuav raug tsim, thiab cov khoom qab zib yuav ntau dua.
Lub teeb rum xav tau ceev fermentation, feem ntau ntawm 24 thiab 48 teev.
Cov rums muaj zog xav tau lub sijhawm fermentation ntev dua, uas tuaj yeem luv li 30 teev lossis ntev li 21 hnub nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm Hampton Estate. Tom qab cov piam thaj hloov mus rau hauv cawv, cov kua fermentation tau tso rau hauv lub tank fermentation, qhov twg cov kab mob lactic acid sab hauv pib ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov esters.
distillation
Distillation
Tshaj li qhov kev cai lij choj hais tias rum tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, muaj ob peb txoj cai lossis cov ntsiab lus rau nws cov khoom. Rum producers siv lub lauj kaub thiab kem ntawm tag nrho cov duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg, hybrid stills, thiab txawm ntau tsoos ntoo tseem.
Taw qhia ntau lub cim iconic distillers
Ob chav Retort yog ib qho tshwj xeeb tab sis kuj muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv distillation hauv rum. tawg lawm, cov khoom siv distillation no muaj lub lauj kaub tseem thiab ib lossis ob lub retorts. Ua ntej, fermented cawv yog rhuab nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub tseem nyob rau sab laug, nrog ib tug ntev swan caj dab coj cov cawv vapor mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub Retort hlab ntsha. Tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv lub thawv Retort, cov cawv rau distillation tau ntim, thiab cov cawv vapor nkag mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv los ntawm cov yeeb nkab, sib pauv cua sov nrog cov cawv, ua rau qhov kub ntawm cov kua mus txuas ntxiv thiab tsim cov pa tshiab. Tom qab dhau los ntawm Retort thawv ob zaug, qhov kawg chav yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub condenser thiab muab sau rau hauv lub taub hau, lub plawv thiab tus Tsov tus tw.
Versailles tseem: Lub cev ntawm lub lauj kaub yog ua los ntawm ntsuab-lub plawv camphor ntoo. Lub caj dab tooj liab nyob rau sab saum toj khoov downwards thiab txuas nrog lub distillation retort, ua raws li ib qho me me rectification kem (pab kom reflux), thiab ces txuas mus rau lub condensation hlab ntsha. qhov system. Lub Versailles tseem tsim cov nplua nuj, meaty wine.
Port Morant tseem: Nws yog ob lub lauj kaub qauv. Ob lub lauj kaub yog ntim nrog fermentation kua. Tom qab ntawd, thawj tseem yog tag nrho rhuab, yog li cov cawv vapor pours rau hauv qab ntawm lub thib ob tseem, thiab cov fermentation kua nyob rau hauv nws yog Rhaub rau boiling, lub chav generated ces nkag mus rau hauv lub distillation retort thiab rectifier raj. Cov cawv uas tsim los ntawm Port Morant tseem muaj cov txiv tsawb dub thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav, nrog me ntsis creamy zoo nkauj. Txij li thaum tsis muaj tooj liab ntau hauv cov cuab yeej, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus ntsuj plig muaj zog heev. Ob leeg xav tau kev laus ntev thiab ntxiv cov khoom xyaw thaum sib tov.
Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi tseem siv, cov cawv tom qab distillation hu ua Marks / Marques (cov cawv qub), uas tuaj yeem nkag siab tias New Make in whiskey.
Cov qhab nia tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: Cov Cim Lub Teeb thiab Hnyav Marks.
Lub Teeb Cim: Cov tsw yog sib zog, feem ntau ua los ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv fermentation thiab sab hauv, thiab cov ntsiab lus cawv feem ntau siab.
Hnyav Marks: Muaj zog tsw, feem ntau tau los ntawm lub sij hawm ntev fermentation (fermentation coj nplua nuj thiab ntau yam flavors) thiab tsawg-cawv distillation.
Jamaican rum yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ester siab, thiab nws cov cawv txiv hmab yog qib raws li nws cov ntsiab lus ester:
Qib "Ordinary Clean": Lub sij hawm fermentation luv luv, ester cov ntsiab lus ntawm 80 thiab 150.
"Plumo" qib: fermented li ob hnub, ester cov ntsiab lus yog 150-200, nrog fruity thiab raisin tsw.
"Wideburn" qib: yuav tsum tau fermentation ntev dua, thaum lub sij hawm uas qab zib bagasse yuav ntxiv. Nws yog oily, muaj pungent fruity tsw, thiab muaj ester cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau tshaj 200.
"Continental tsw" qib: muaj qhov saj ntawm acetone, feem ntau yog siv rau seasoning, thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus ester ntawm 700 ~ 1600.
rip ua
Unlike whiskey, rum muaj qhov xav tau kev laus yam tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab cov distillers tuaj yeem xaiv lub raj mis ncaj qha tom qab distillation yam tsis muaj kev laus raws li lawv tus kheej nyiam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias rum yog thawj cov dej cawv hauv ntiaj teb uas muaj hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib.
British thiab Western-style rum feem ntau siv bourbon chim, uas yuav ua rau lub saj ntawm vanilla, txiv maj phaub, chocolate thiab qab zib; Fabkis txoj kev ua liaj ua teb muaj kev lig kev cai ntawm kev siv cognac chim, uas muaj nruj, ntsim thiab vanilla tsw.Sherry tej kas tham kuj siv los ntxiv flavors ntawm cloves, rosin, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav thiab tannins.
Raws li cov rum loj tuaj, lub thoob ua pa, noj cov pa oxygen (uas pab hloov lub aroma) thiab exhaling cawv. Qhov kub ntawm huab cua, qhov ua pa nrawm dua tshwm sim. Tsis tsuas yog cov txheej txheem oxidation yuav nrawm dua, tab sis lub ntim ntawm cov cawv kuj yuav raug txo, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm rum thiab lub thoob yuav nrawm dua.
Feem ntau hais lus, txhua xyoo Angel's Share ntawm aging nyob rau hauv lub tropics yuav ncav cuag 8%, thaum nyob rau hauv Scotland nws tsuas yog 3%. Tom qab ntawd qhov chaw thiab cov txheej txheem kev laus sib txawv ntawm ob txoj kev laus yuav ua rau cov rum paub tab. Cov saj tom qab yog txawv heev. Peb xyoos ntawm kev kub ntxhov-hnub nyoog rum tej zaum yuav sib npaug rau kaum xyoo ntawm kev laus hauv Scotland lossis cov teb chaws Europe, thaum kaum xyoo ntawm kev kub ntxhov-hnub nyoog rum tej zaum yuav sib npaug rau 30 xyoo lossis txawm tias 35 xyoo ntawm kev laus hauv Scotland lossis cov teb chaws Europe. xyoo thiab siab dua.
Sib tov thiab ua tiav
Rum yog yuav luag ib txwm sib tov. Ntau hom rum 'cov khoom lag luam yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov distilleries thiab / lossis txawv teb chaws. Blenders tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntawm ntau hom ntsuj plig thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov distilleries sib txawv. Kev hais lus dav dav, qhov kawg ntawm kev sib xyaw rum nyob ntawm seb cov rum siv tau li cas thiab seb cov khoom tseem ceeb yog lub teeb lossis muaj zog.
Thaum qhov sib tov ua tiav, lub distiller tuaj yeem siv peb lwm cov txheej txheem los tsim cov rum, qhov twg tau tso cai los ntawm txoj cai.
Ua ntej, qee cov rums muaj xim me ntsis los ntawm luv luv hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib ntoo qub, thiab cov xim tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov pa roj carbon lim dej. Txawm hais tias cov xim ploj mus, cov cawv no khaws cov saj ntawm lawv lub hnub nyoog luv luv, thiab cov ntoo qhib qhov tsw feem ntau tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj.
Tom ntej no, siv caramel toning. Txoj kev no tswj cov xim sib xws thiab siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntoo qhib tag nrho cov hnub nyoog dab.
Thaum kawg, ntau cov rums, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntoo qhib lub thoob-hnub nyoog, yog qab zib ua ntej muag. Tab sis tsis zoo li lwm cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem no yuav raug txwv qee yam. Piv txwv li, Jamaican rum yog txwv tsis pub ntxiv qab zib. Cov suab thaj ntxiv sib xyaw zoo kawg nkaus rau hauv tag nrho cov cim ntawm rum. Tab sis yog tias koj ntxiv cov suab thaj ntau dhau, qhov qab zib ntau dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm rum.
