Qee lub sij hawm dhau los, cov phooj ywg haus cawv tau sib tham hauv pab pawg sib pauv txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm whiskey thiab cawv. Qee tus neeg haus dej haus tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm whiskey yog qhov nyuaj, thaum lwm tus hais tias kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cawv yog qhov nyuaj. Qhov twg yog qhov nyuaj tshaj, whiskey lossis cawv?
Yuav kom paub meej qhov teeb meem no, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm whiskey thiab cawv. Muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm ntawm whiskey thiab cawv. Ntawm no peb yuav coj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm ib qho malt whiskey thiab Daqu khoom fragrance cawv ua piv txwv los piav qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm ob.
Cia peb xub saib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ib qho malt whiskey. Cov txheej txheem brewing ntawm ib leeg malt whiskey yog kwv yees muab faib ua rau theem: malting, sib tsoo, saccharification, fermentation, distillation thiab laus.
1. Kev rog
Malting yog txheej txheem ntawm germinating barley los ua malt. Lub hom phiaj ntawm malting yog qhib lub barley tus kheej amylase thaum lub sij hawm germination. Amylase yog tus neeg sawv cev saccharifying hauv cov txheej txheem saccharification tom ntej. Cov txheej txheem malting roughly muaj peb kauj ruam: soaking, germination, thiab ziab. Ib txwm malting yuav siv li 10 hnub. Lub peat tsw nyob rau hauv ib co whiskeys los ntawm cov txheej txheem malting. Siv peat ua roj thaum ziab malt yuav coj lub peat tsw rau hauv whiskey.
Cov cua sov yuav tsum tau thaum malting, yog li yuav muaj lub pas dej zoo li lub chimney saum lub ru tsev ntawm lub distillery. Niaj hnub no, feem ntau distilleries tsis malt lawv tus kheej, tab sis cov duab ntawm xws li chimney tseem khaws cia thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho.
2. Sib tsoo nplej
Sib tsoo cov malt txhais tau hais tias sib tsoo cov malt kom yooj yim tom qab saccharification.
3. Saccharification
Saccharification yog ntxiv dej rau hauv av malt, thiab siv amylase hydrolyze cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab polysaccharide uas muaj nyob rau hauv malt rau hauv cov suab thaj yooj yim (xws li qabzib, fructose, galactose, thiab lwm yam). Cov txheej txheem saccharification yuav siv li ntawm 6 teev.
mash trough
4. Fermentation
Fermentation yog ntxiv cov poov xab rau saccharified wort, thiab siv lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov poov xab los hloov cov suab thaj rau hauv cawv thiab lwm yam khoom xws li acids, esters, aldehydes, thiab cawv. Cov kab ke no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsw ntawm whiskey. Txij li cov poov xab tsis tuaj yeem metabolize polysaccharides, starches yuav tsum tau hydrolyzed rau hauv cov suab thaj yooj yim ua ntej fermentation. Cov txheej txheem fermentation feem ntau yuav siv li 60 teev.
5. Distillation
Distillation yog siv lub lauj kaub tseem kom tshem tawm cov cawv thiab cov kab mob los ntawm cov fermented mash kom nce cov cawv concentration.
tseem lauj
6. laus
Kev laus yog muab cov distilled tshiab whiskey rau hauv ntoo qhib tej kas tham rau kev laus kom nws tsw.
Suav whiskey Oak chim warehouse
Suav whiskey
Daqu solid-state light-flavor cawv yog ib txwm tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub teeb-flavor cawv. Feem ntau, steaming, burning thiab lwm yam clearing yog siv. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog koji ua, cawv thiab nplej ua, fermentation, qoob loo loj distillation, rov fermentation, thib ob qoob loo distillation, thiab laus. , tswj yim qhov txuas.
1. Ua suab paj nruag
Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab Daqu yog barley, peas thiab dej. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm Daqu yog qhov nyuaj. Yooj yim muab, ua koji yog txhawm rau cov nplej, ntxiv dej thiab me me ntawm koji niam (daqu ua dhau los), do sib npaug, muab tso rau hauv koji pwm, ua koji thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd kab lis kev cai hauv koji. chav (Inoculate strains (xws li cov poov xab, pwm, kab mob, thiab lwm yam), thiab muab cia rau hauv warehouse tom qab kab lis kev cai tiav lawm. Feem ntau, lawv yuav tsum tau muab cia rau peb lub hlis ua ntej siv. .
Daqu yog ib tug saccharifying tus neeg sawv cev thiab ib tug cawv nyob rau hauv lub brewing ntawm cawv. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom Daqu suav nrog ntau tus lej ntawm ntau yam kab mob hauv cov xwm txheej. Cov nplua nuj hom kab mob no yog lub hauv paus rau cov nplua nuj lub cev ntawm cov cawv ib txwm muaj.
Daqu
2. Caw thiab ua zaub mov
Cov nplej uas siv los ua lub teeb-tshuaj cawv yog sorghum. Kev ua dej cawv yog ua kom cov nplej zom, dej kub kom nws ntub dej, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub steamer (ib feem ntawm steamed nplej bran kuj ntxiv thaum steaming kom nws fluffy). Lub steamed wine nplej yuav tsum tau sab laug kom txias, ces Daqu hmoov yog ntxiv, stirred tusyees, thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug av nplaum vat rau fermentation.
Qhov kawg ntawm sorghum teb hauv Jinzhong, Shanxi
3. Fermentation
Fermentation yog ferment cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntxiv nrog Daqu hmoov nyob rau hauv ib tug av nplaum vat. Lub sijhawm fermentation yog li ntawm 21 txog 28 hnub, lossis ntev dua. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation, cawv feem ntau yog tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej theem, aroma thiab saj yog tsuas yog tsim. Hauv lwm lo lus, ntev lub sij hawm fermentation, lub nplua nuj aroma. Cov fermented nplej fermented lub sij hawm no yog hu ua loj stubble.
fermentation vat
4. Loj stubble distillation
Cov fermented fermented nplej yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug wine steamer rau distillation. Tsis zoo li lub lauj kaub distilling siv rau whiskey distillation, wine steamer siv rau cawv distillation yog ib zaug distillation. Nyob rau hauv ib qho distillation, ib tug cawv ntawm 70 degrees yuav distilled, thiab aroma yog heev zoo. Lub sijhawm no cov cawv txiv hmab distilled yog hu ua stubble wine.
Distillation, nrog steamer thiab chim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab
5. Ferment dua
Re-fermentation yog ntxiv Daqu hmoov rau cov distilled fermented nplej thiab muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub tais diav rau fermentation dua. Cov fermented nplej fermented lub sij hawm no yog hu ua thib ob qoob loo.
6. Thib ob qoob loo cawv distillation
Cov fermented wine grains yog distilled nyob rau hauv ib tug steamer, thiab cov cawv distilled lub sij hawm no yog hu ua thib ob qoob loo wine. Lub sijhawm no, lub voj voog ntau lawm tiav. Ib lub voj voog ua tiav ntawm Daqu cov khoom qab zib cawv yuav siv li ob lub hlis (tsis suav koji ua).
7. laus
Maturation txhais tau hais tias tso cov kua distilled rau hauv lub lauj kaub tais diav los yog hub loj rau kev laus.
Lub underground wine warehouse ntawm Lu Winery hauv Changzhi, Shanxi
8. Sib
Cov cawv txiv hmab distilled los ntawm lub teeb-flavor cawv yog muab faib ua cov qoob loo loj thiab thib ob-cov qoob loo distillation, thiab ob lub distillation muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv. Feem ntau hais lus, thawj cov qoob loo yog cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov qoob loo thib ob yog nplua nuj dua. Qee cov neeg piv cov qoob loo thawj zaug rau ib tug hluas nkauj thiab cov qoob loo thib ob rau ib tug hluas nkauj. Thaum tsim cov cawv txiv hmab tiav lawm, thawj cov qoob loo thiab cov qoob loo thib ob yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem siv tau (hauv qhov tseeb ntawm cov cawv tiav lawm, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yog qhov nyuaj dua).
Los ntawm ib lub sij hawm foundations, lub voj voog ntau lawm ntawm whiskey (tsis suav nrog lub sij hawm laus) yog li 15 hnub, thaum lub voj voog ntawm Daqu khoom-flavor cawv (tsis suav nrog lub sijhawm laus) yog li 3 lub hlis. Lub sijhawm no tsis suav nrog Yog tias koj ntxiv 3 lub hlis ntawm Daqu lub sijhawm cia (daqu tshiab tsis tuaj yeem siv), tag nrho cov voj voog tsim khoom yog li 6 lub hlis. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias lub voj voog ntawm cov cawv ntau ntau ntev dua li ntawm whiskey. Whiskey tshiab ua feem ntau tsis yog muag thiab yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib thoob. Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Scotland xav kom nws muaj hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib ntoo kom tsawg kawg 3 xyoos. Ib qho malt whiskeys nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam uas cim nrog hnub nyoog feem ntau muaj hnub nyoog 10 xyoo. xyoo thiab siab dua. Cov cawv tshiab tsis tuaj yeem muag ncaj qha, thiab cov cawv uas muaj ntxhiab tsw feem ntau yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau ntau tshaj ib xyoos ua ntej muag.
Los ntawm cov txheej txheem dhau los, nws tuaj yeem pom meej tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm Daqu khoom-flavor cawv yog qhov nyuaj dua li ntawm whiskey, thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj dua li whiskey. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov txheej txheem xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv thiab muaj ntau yam tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau.
END
