Pot Stills vs. Kem Stills
Kev siv thev naus laus zis distillation hauv kev tsim cov ntsuj plig yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lim dej cawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm distillation yog cais cawv los ntawm cawv, lub ntsiab ntawm cov dej. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nce cov ntsiab lus cawv ntawm cawv yog qhov kub ntawm ethanol (edible cawv) (78.3 degree) qis dua qhov kub ntawm dej (100 degree). Tom qab cov kua dej cawv yog rhuab, nws yuav tau concentrated rau hauv cawv nrog ib tug ntau dua cawv cov ntsiab lus los ntawm boiling, sau thiab txias. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej, khib nyiab, pigments, suab thaj thiab feem ntau cov acids uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub fermented cawv yog nyob rau hauv lub residual kua. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev siv cov distillation, kem distillation thiab pot distillation.
1. Lub lauj kaub
Lub lauj kaub tseem yog cov khoom qub tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws distillation. Lub lauj kaub tseem yog lub lauj kaub zoo li lub thawv, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab, uas tuav lub hauv paus cawv. Thaum cov cawv yog rhuab, cov cawv evaporates rau hauv chav, uas nce mus rau lub caj dab ntawm qhov tseem, uas txuas mus rau sab saum toj ntawm lub lauj kaub zoo li lub chimney. Cov chav nkag mus rau hauv lub condenser los ntawm caj dab thiab txias los ntawm dej txias los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Cov cawv tshiab no muaj cawv ntau dua li cov cawv qub. Txawm li cas los xij, lub lauj kaub tseem tuaj yeem tsuas yog nce cov cawv ntawm cawv los ntawm ib qho me me, yog li ntau qhov sib law liag yuav tsum tau kom tau txais cov cawv txaus los ntawm cov kua dej cawv.
Thaum lub sij hawm thib ob distillation txheej txheem, tseem tsuas muaj ib feem ntawm cov cawv sau los ntawm condenser. Cov feem ntau volatile Cheebtsam boil ua ntej thiab ua lub taub hau ntawm distillation. Tom ntej no yog lub plawv ntawm distillation (los yog cawv), uas muaj ib tug heev impurity cov ntsiab lus. Ib feem ntawm cov kua no tuaj yeem siv los ua cawv. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws volatile Cheebtsam boil kawg thiab hu ua tails ntawm distillation. Lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw ntawm distillation tsis yog siv rau qhov kawg cawv vim hais tias lawv muaj cov concentrations siab ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo.
Distillation siv lub lauj kaub tseem yog txheej txheem nyuaj heev uas yuav tsum tau batch distillation thiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm distillation. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov cawv ntshiab huv, siab-concentration distilled, ob lossis ntau dua cov txheej txheem distillation yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub purity ntawm distilled cawv tau los ntawm distillation siv lub lauj kaub tseem yog feem ntau nyuaj rau lav.
2. Kem distillation
Kem stills yog cov thawv ntsug cylindrical siab heev. Sab hauv ntawm tag nrho cov seem tseem muab faib ua ob peb txheej, txhua qhov yog hu ua "phaj". Muaj ntau lub qhov ntawm cov phiaj no, thiab cov dej cawv thiab chav dej tuaj yeem ntws mus rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab cov cawv yog rhuab, nws yuav ua rau chav thiab nkag mus rau qhov tseem.
Thaum tseem pib, cov cawv vapor yuav ntws mus rau qhov tseem. Cov vapor yog liquefied ntawm txhua txheej, tsim cov kua txheej hauv txhua phaj. Qhov nce vapor raug yuam kom dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kua no los ua kom npau npau, uas ua rau lub vapor mus dhau ntawm lub phaj sab saud thiab ntws mus. Txhua txheej yog undergoing no mini distillation, thiab tom qab ntawd cov distillation txuas ntxiv txheej los ntawm txheej. Nrog rau txhua txheej ntawm distillation, cawv concentration yog nce. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg txaus, cov kem tseem tuaj yeem distil ze li ntawm ethanol. Cov kem tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, uas txhais tau hais tias cov cawv tshiab tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsis tu ncua.
3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem distillation sib txawv ntawm cov dab style
Nyob rau ntau theem ntawm lub siab brewing, kev xaiv ntawm distiller yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg saj thiab style ntawm tus ntsuj plig, thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau qeb uas cov cawv txiv hmab no. Feem ntau hais lus, dab brewed nrog lub lauj kaub tseem muaj cov dej cawv qis, muaj cov impurities, thiab muaj qhov ntxhib heev. Lawv yuav tsum tau muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib tej kas tham los yog lim nrog charcoal kom cov cawu cub mos, tab sis lawv muaj ntau aroma. Cov dab brewed nrog kem tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus cawv ntau dua, thiab lawv cov aroma thiab cov yam ntxwv tsis pom tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus cawv txo mus rau tus qauv bottling concentration ntawm li 40% (feem ntau yog diluted nrog dej), saj ntawm cov cawv kuj yog tus du, yog li nws tuaj yeem muab ntim ncaj qha thiab noj yam tsis muaj kev laus ntxiv.
Cov dab ua nrog lub lauj kaub tseem muaj xws li Cognac, Malt Whiskey, London Dry Gin thiab Tequila. Cov ntsuj plig ua nrog cov kab ntawv tseem muaj xws li nplej whiskey. Cov ntsuj plig uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob qho tib si hauv lub lauj kaub thiab cov kab ntawv suav nrog Armagnac (feem ntau yog siv cov kab ke), Irish Whiskey, Bourbon Whiskey, Rum thiab Tequila.
