Lub chim nyob rau hauv uas lub whiskey matures yog ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb uas muaj feem xyuam rau qhov saj ntawm ib tug whiskey. Txawm hais tias lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab yog qhov tseem ceeb, hom thoob siv rau kev loj hlob zoo li muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov tsw thiab saj. Cov thoob sib txawv muab cov khoom sib txawv rau whiskey. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem pom tias nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm txhua tus whiskey, hom chim siv rau kev loj hlob yog yuav luag ib yam ntawm cov yam uas yuav tsum tau hais. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias yog tias koj xav paub whiskey, koj yuav tsum paub lub tswv yim hais txog "thaj tsam";yam tsis tau nkag siab txog kev paub txog "thaj tsam", nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo li whiskey. Barrels tseem ceeb heev rau whiskey.
Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov thoob dej caw yog raws li hauv qab no, thiab cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov style ntawm whiskey:
Hom cawv ua ntej
Qhov loj ntawm lub thoob
Hom ntoo siv
Degree ntawm ci carbonization
Tus naj npawb ntawm lub sijhawm siv lub thoob
1. Hom Precursor Caw
Hom chim no sib npaug rau lub thoob siv rau hnub nyoog whiskey. Lawv feem ntau yog siv los brew lossis paub tab lwm hom cawv. Piv txwv li, feem ntau Sherry Cask yog ib lub thoob siv los ua Sherry. Tau kawg, muaj ntau hom Sherry, yog li koj yuav pom Oloroso Sherry Casks, PX Sherry Casks, thiab lwm yam; Port Barrels yog cov thoob siv los ua Chaw nres nkoj; Bourbon Barrels yog cov thoob siv los ua kom paub txog American Bourbon. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov no yog cov khoom siv thib ob ntawm cov ntoo qhib. Tom qab ntawd, cov yam ntxwv tsw ntawm nws tus thawj coj yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov tsw ntawm whiskey hnub nyoog hauv lub thoob.
Feem ntau hais lus, whiskey chim yog muab faib ua hom hauv qab no. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsuas yog ib qho kev txheeb xyuas tsis tiav, thiab cov no yog qee yam ntawm ntau hom whiskey chim:
1. Sherry Cask
Cov ntoo qhib tshiab feem ntau zam rau hauv kev ua cov sherry, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov thoob siv los ntawm Solera muaj hnub nyoog tshaj kaum xyoo. Cov thoob no twb raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab ua ntej siv rau hauv sherry. Ntau yam ntawm sherry muaj qhov tshwj xeeb flavors los ntawm ntau txoj kev laus. Piv txwv li, oloroso raug rau huab cua, uas pab tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nutty flavors, thaum Fino tiv thaiv los ntawm huab cua puas los ntawm ib txheej ntawm poov xab hops, uas ua rau lub sherry crisp thiab tshiab. Pedro Ximenez (feem ntau hu ua PX) yog tsim los ntawm raisins, uas yog qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub ua ntej fermentation.
Whisky distilleries feem ntau yuav European Oak tej kas tham, feem ntau Spanish sherry chim. Lub sherry yuav tsau rau hauv lub thoob phab ntsa, uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau saj thiab xim ntawm whisky. Cov flavors ntawm whiskey hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv sherry chim feem ntau muaj xws li: figs, hnub, raisins, ceev, cherries, cinnamon, cloves, almonds, qhiav, txiv hmab txiv ntoo ncuav mog qab zib, thiab lwm yam.
2. Bourbon chim
Bourbon chim yog tsim los ntawm American dawb ntoo qhib. American bourbon yog matured nyob rau hauv tshiab ntoo qhib tej kas tham. Cov thoob no yog toasted thiab charred ua ntej bourbon ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ABV cov ntsiab lus ntawm bourbon yuav cuam tshuam qhov tsw ntawm lub thoob. Qhov siab dua ABV, qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua rau lub thoob. Yeej, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus cawv yuav ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm lub thoob lub toasted thiab charred yam ntxwv, thiab tom ntej no batch ntawm whiskey brewed nyob rau hauv cov thoob yuav muaj tsawg heev toasted thiab charred tsw.
Tom qab Scotch whiskey matures nyob rau hauv ex-bourbon chim rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, tus winemaker muab cov whiskeys los ntawm ntau lub thoob ua ke. Whiskey hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ex-bourbon chim feem ntau muaj xim golden. Flavors feem ntau muaj xws li txiv maj phaub, vanilla, zib ntab, caramel, ntoo qhib, tawv, nutmeg, almonds, butterscotch, thiab lwm yam.
3. Porter thoob
Muaj ntau ntau hom chaw nres nkoj, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej style. Tawny chaw nres nkoj yog xim kub thiab yog matured feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov laus chim, nrog lub teeb oxidation. Tawny chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem muaj hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib rau txog 40 xyoo, thaum qhov chaw nres nkoj vintage tsuas yog yuav tsum tau matured rau 2 mus rau 3 xyoos hauv cov thoob. Ruby chaw nres nkoj feem ntau yog matured hauv steel tso tsheb hlau luam kom tsis txhob oxidation, yog li ex-Ruby chaw nres nkoj chim tsis tshua muaj.
Kev laus hauv cov thoob ntxiv ib qho mellower, fruitier tsw rau lub whiskey, nrog flavors txawv nyob ntawm seb hom cawv uas yav tas los muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv lub thoob. Hom flavours ntawm whiskey hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ex-chaw chim chim muaj xws li plums, blackberries, raisins, liab berries, qhuav txiv apples, ntoo qhib, cranberries, tsaus chocolate, thiab lwm yam.
4. Dej khov cawv
Txog tam sim no, muaj tsawg heev whiskeys hnub nyoog hauv ex-icewine chim, tab sis qhov tsw yog heev tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, Glenfiddich's Winter Storm yog hnub nyoog hauv ex-icewine chim, uas kuv tus kheej nyiam heev. Lub qab zib ntawm cov dej khov cawv tau nkag mus rau lub whiskey, uas tseem yog qhov txaus nyiam heev. Piv txwv li, Glenfiddich's White Blizzard yog tiav nyob rau hauv ex-icewine chim ua ntej bottling.
5. Rum Barrel
Kev laus whiskey nyob rau hauv rum tej kas tham tau ua nrov heev nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias cov thoob no ntxiv cov ntawv qab zib, cov ntawv sau rau cov dej cawv, thiab cov khoom qab zib no feem ntau yooj yim kom tau. Rum barrels yog tsim los ntawm American ntoo qhib. Muaj ntau ntau hom rum, yog li txhua tus yuav muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov dej haus. Whisky hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv rum tej kas tham kuj ua rau ib tug zoo ntxiv rau cocktails.
Cov yam ntxwv tsw ntawm whiskey hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv rum tej kas tham mas muaj xws li: vanilla, tropical txiv hmab txiv ntoo, apricot, caramel, cinnamon, siav txiv tsawb, kua txob, molasses, thiab lwm yam.
6. Cognac chim
Cognac chim yog tsim los ntawm Fabkis ntoo qhib, thiab cov thoob yuav coj cov nplua nuj thiab hloov maj mam fruity flavors rau lub whiskey. Cognac tej kas tham feem ntau laus heev, raws li brandy tuaj yeem muaj hnub nyoog txog 50 xyoo. Cov yam ntxwv tsw ntawm whiskey hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ex-Cognac chim feem ntau muaj xws li: raisins, licorice, Oak, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv ntseej, caramel, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua muaj hnub nyoog whiskey nyob rau hauv ex-Cognac chim, thiab Ardbeg no muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv xws li. cov thoob.
7. Caw tej kas tham
Cov thoob no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm Fabkis ntoo qhib. Ob qho tib si liab thiab dawb cawv cawv tuaj yeem siv rau hnub nyoog whiskey, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tshua muaj ntau thiab cov bottlings no yuav yog cov ntawv txwv. Qhov ntau yam txawv nyob ntawm seb hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qee cov cawv liab yog spicier thiab tag nrho lub cev, thaum lwm tus yog sib dua thiab fruitier. Cov cawv dawb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhib los mos thiab cov nyom nyom.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm whiskey hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ex-wine barrels mas muaj xws li: liab berries, cherries, plums, qhob cij, caramel, ntsuab apples, pears, butter, thiab lwm yam.
Los ntawm kev xaiv ntau hom thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov thoob, distillers tuaj yeem tsim whiskeys nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tib lub thoob, piv txwv li, sib txawv ex-bourbon whiskeys, los yog sib tov thiab phim ntau hom chim los ntawm bourbon chim rau rum chim. Txawm li cas los xij, bottling ntawm thawj lub zog ntawm lub thoob, tsis muaj chill pom, xim xim lossis lwm yam cuam tshuam, thiab nthuav tawm nws rau tib neeg li qub raws li qhov ua tau tuaj yeem yog kev nrhiav ntau lub tshuab lim dej.
Tom qab paub qhov no, nws yooj yim to taub cov ntsiab lus Ib Leeg Cask, Ob Chav Cask thiab Triple Cask ntawm cov ntawv whiskey.
Ib lub taub hau / taub hautxhais tau hais tias whiskey nyob rau hauv lub raj mis los ntawm ib tug ntoo qhib chim. Vim hais tias txawm hais tias nws yog tib yam distillation batch, chim hom, chim lub sij hawm thiab lub sij hawm, yog hais tias nws tsis yog los ntawm tib oak chim, qhov tsw ntawm lub whiskey ua tseem txawv. Hauv lwm lo lus, ib lub thoob whiskey qhia txog qhov txawv ntawm style thiab saj.
Feem ntau hais lus, ib lub thoob whiskey yog ib qho khoom lag luam siab kawg. Vim tias lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub thoob tsuas muaj tsawg, ib pawg ntawm ib lub thoob dej cawv feem ntau tsuas muaj ob peb puas lub raj mis xwb, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm lub thoob thiab lub raj mis feem ntau yog cim rau ntawm lub raj mis. Ib lub thoob whiskey kuj tseem kim vim nws txwv ntau lawm thiab nws cov style. Yog li ntawd, ntau lub whiskeys uas yog brewed los ntawm ib lub thoob yuav kom meej meej muaj "Single Cask" ntawm daim ntawv lo.
Tau kawg, nws tsis yog qhov tseeb hais tias ib lub thoob whiskey zoo dua li ob lossis triple chim whiskey. Qhov no tuaj yeem sib tham ua ib lub ntsiab lus sib txawv, yog li kuv yuav tsis tham txog qhov no rau lub sijhawm.
Ob chav cask / chim
Ob Chav Cask/Barrel whiskey, raws li lub npe qhia, hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cawv los ntawm ob lub thawv ntoo qhib, lossis kev laus hauv ib lub thoob thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lwm lub thoob. Txij li cov thoob sib txawv tuaj yeem muab whiskey sib txawv flavors, kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub thoob yog feem ntau los txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm whiskey.
Triple Cask/Barrel
Zoo ib yam li ob lub thoob, nws hais txog kev laus nrog peb hom ntoo qhib lub thoob, uas yog siv los ua kom qhov nyuaj thiab ruaj khov ntawm whiskey. Mingjie tsis tshua yuav peb lub thoob ntawm whiskey. Kuv feem ntau yuav thiab sau ib lub thoob. Yog li ntawd, kuv tsuas nrhiav tau ib daim duab hauv Internet rau koj xwb.
2. Qhov loj ntawm lub thoob
Qhov loj ntawm cov ntoo qhib lub thoob kuj cuam tshuam rau cov style ntawm cov cawv, uas zoo ib yam li cov brewing ntawm caw. Ntau hom chim muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe lus Askiv.
piv txwv:
Tus qauv American Bourbon chim yog 200 litres;
Thaum koj pom "Butt", nws feem ntau yog hais txog 500-litre ntoo qhib chim;
Tus qauv Hogshead yog 238 litres;
Sherry Hogshead yog 245 litres;
Puncheon yog 320 litres;
Chaw nres nkoj yeeb nkab 500 litres;
Lub Plaub Hlis 125L;
Madeira Nruas 650 litres;
cognac thoob 300 litres;
Bordeaux chim 225 litres;
Barrique cask 225 litres;
Bloodtub 50 litres.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev paub txog cov no yog tias thaum koj pom cov lus no ntawm daim ntawv lo los yog hauv cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov no yog lub npe ntawm lub thoob thiab nws lub peev xwm kwv yees, uas yuav pab tau rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab.
3. Qhov chaw siv ntoo
Muaj ob qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo ntoo: ib qho yog American dawb ntoo qhib; Lwm qhov yog European ntoo qhib.
Muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm ob hom ntoo qhib. Asmeskas dawb ntoo qhib loj hlob nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Tebchaws Meskas thiab qee qhov ntawm Canada. Oak ntoo loj hlob sai heev thiab yog li pheej yig dua cov ntoo European. Nws cov ntoo yog tuab heev thiab tuab heev (770 kg / m3) thiab muaj ntau monogalactosyl qabzib. Cov ntoo qhib no yuav ua rau whiskey saj mellow thiab mos nrog vanilla thiab caramel tsw yam ntxwv.
European oak hlob thoob plaws sab av loj thiab deb li Russia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv. Nws loj hlob qeeb dua nws cov neeg Asmeskas cov neeg sib tw thiab tsis tshua ntom (720kg / m³). Nws muaj "gallic acid", ib qho kua qaub uas, thaum ua ke nrog dej, muab whiskey nws iab saj. European Oak tej kas tham muaj ntau lwm yam khoom uas muab whiskey nws ntsim, me ntsis iab thiab woody tsw yam ntxwv.
4. Lub degree ntawm ci carbonization
Toasting thiab charring hloov cov suab thaj ntoo rau hauv vanilla thiab caramel tsw. Toasting muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov pa luam yeeb thiab charred flavors hauv whiskey.
5. Tus naj npawb ntawm lub sijhawm siv lub thoob
Bourbon yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv cov ntoo qhib tshiab, yog li thaum whiskey muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ex-bourbon chim uas tau siv ib zaug xwb, nws txhais tau hais tias lub whiskey yuav cuam tshuam ntau dua los ntawm lub thoob, yog li ntawd tus ntsuj plig tsuas nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv xws li chim rau ib tug. lub sijhawm luv kom tsis txhob raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub thoob. Qhov no yog nyob ib ncig ntawm tsib xyoos.
Hauv Scotland, tib lub hleb tuaj yeem siv tau ntau xyoo, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau lub thawv ntim ntau tshaj peb zaug. Qhov nruab nrab kev laus lub sij hawm ib tug sau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm yim mus rau kaum ob xyoos.
Oak tej kas tham yog heev ruaj thiab muaj hnub nyoog whiskey rau xyoo lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov laus thiab ntau zaus lawv tau siv, qhov tsis tshua muaj aroma ntawm whiskey tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov ntoo. Yog li ntawd, whiskey khaws cia rau hauv cov thoob tshiab yuav nqus cov aroma tshaj plaws. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov no nyob ntawm seb hom distiller mus rau dab tsi.
Bourbon whiskey yog matured thiab muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv cov thoob tshiab, thiab muaj txaus aromatic concentration, yog li nws yog feem ntau fwj nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ob mus rau tsib xyoos. Scotch whiskey matures hauv cov thoob siv, xws li ex-bourbon chim lossis sherry chim. Cov thoob tau tso tawm feem ntau ntawm cov aroma, yog li Scotch malt yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog ntev dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tseem muab sijhawm ntau rau lub whiskey kom txo tau qhov ntsim saj ntawm cawv.
Cov kaus mom no kim heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev lag luam whiskey rau cov casks yuav tsum tau rov qab siv dua thiab ntev. Tom qab kaum xyoo ntawm malt whiskey maturing, lub casks tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm aroma, yog li ntawd lawv yuav siv tau rau hnub nyoog tom ntej batch ntawm malt whiskey. Hauv kev lag luam, lawv hu ua "re-barrels". Re-barrels tuaj yeem rov siv tau txog li 30 xyoo los yog li ntawd.
Tab sis pom tseeb, qhov ntev ntawm lub thoob tau txais, qhov tsawg dua tsw thiab xim lub whiskey absorbs. Ntawm qee cov ntawv sau cov raj mis, qee zaum yuav muaj "refill" lossis "thawj sau" uas qhia tias lub thoob tau siv ntau npaum li cas.
Thaum kawg, kuv xav ntxiv peb nqe lus ntxiv rau ntawm cov ntawv cim whiskey:"Cask Strength",uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias "thawj lub thawv lub zog", "thawj lub thawv" lossis "lub zog cask". Nws yog hais txog whiskey uas ncaj qha fwj los ntawm ntoo qhib tej kas tham yam tsis muaj dilution. Hom cawv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov qub tsw ntawm whiskey hauv lub thoob rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, sawv cev rau qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qub style ntawm distillery nws tus kheej.
Vim tias feem ntau cov cawv yuav muab ntxiv nrog dej ua ntej lub raj mis kom txo cov cawv cawv kom haum, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 40-43% ABV. Txawm li cas los xij, winemakers tuaj yeem xaiv tsis dilute nrog dej thiab lub raj mis ncaj qha ntawm lub hwj chim thawj lub zog, uas yog, chim siab zog, uas feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 55% -60% ABV lossis siab dua.
Lub aroma thiab saj ntawm whiskey feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov organic tshuaj xws li esters, aldehydes, phenols, thiab lwm yam. Lawv feem ntau yog yooj yim soluble hauv cawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cawv, cov tshuaj tsw qab ntau yuav muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus cawv, qhov zoo dua. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tsis quav ntsej lwm cov aromas ilv.
Cask-strength whiskey yog cov khoom lag luam zoo heev, tsom mus rau kev lag luam siab. Vim tias nws lub raj mis tsis ntxiv dej, tus naj npawb ntawm lub raj mis uas tuaj yeem ntim tau los ntawm txhua lub thoob yog txo qis. Kev tsim khoom me me, tus nqi siab, thiab tus nqi yog ib txwm kim dua li cov whiskey zoo tib yam.
Barrel zog whiskey feem ntau xav tau lub sijhawm laus ntev. Kev sib cuag mus sij hawm ntev ntawm lub thoob thiab cov cawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub whiskey tsim ib qho kev nplua nuj thiab nyuaj dua thiab saj zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li lub sijhawm laus ntev yuav ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm whiskey nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov whiskey zoo tib yam, yog li nws feem ntau tsim nyog rau ntau tus neeg tshaj lij hauv kev ua lag luam high-end.
Zoo Oak
Tej zaum koj yuav pom cov lus "zoo ntoo qhib" ntawm qee qhov ntawm Macallan whiskey fwj yav dhau los. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog Macallan qhov kev qhia yav dhau los rau triple cask. Nws yog hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm ex-Sherry casks, American white oak casks thiab ex-Bourbon casks. Tam sim no, nws tau raug hloov mus rau"Triple Cask".
Tsis tshua muaj Cask
Tsis tshua muaj Cask yog ib lo lus siv los ntawm Macallan, uas tau tso tawm ib tug series ntawm "Rare Cask" series. Cov casks tsis tshua muaj feem ntau yog xa mus rau whiskeys hnub nyoog hauv kev xaiv thawj zaug ntim cov sherry casks, uas tsis tshua muaj.
